Thompson, M. G. et al. Dis. J. Med. J. Med. Pediatrics. Omicron vaccine effectiveness estimates for 7 to 59 days, 60 to 119 days, and 240 days or more after the second dose are not presented owing to imprecision in the estimates and wide 95% CIs (ie, 100 percentage points). Receipt of one dose especially during the third trimester was also associated with a reduced risk of infants testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the first 6 months of life during the Delta dominant period. During the Delta period, we found that protection extended through the infants first 6 months of life. Polack, F. P. et al. Pediatr. COVID-19associated signs and symptoms included respiratory symptoms (congestion or runny nose, cough, hemoptysis or bloody sputum, shortness of breath or respiratory distress, sore throat, upper respiratory infection, influenza-like illness, and wheezing) and non-respiratory symptoms (abdominal pain, altered mental status or confusion, anosmia or decreased smell, chest pain, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, dysgeusia or decreased taste, fatigue, fever or chills, headache, muscle aches or myalgias, nausea or vomiting, rash, and seizures). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the articles Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Additional recommendations followed and data availability on booster-dose status varies by age because not all age groups were recommended by ACIP to receive booster doses at the same time. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. These findings are consistent with the diminishing of pregnancy-derived antibodies in infants over time22. J. Med. The cohort analyses may be biased toward the null if some infected infants were misclassified as uninfected due to the absence of a SARS-CoV-2 test result in the medical record. part 56; 42 U.S.C. 387, 187189 (2022). Ousseny Zerbo. Ferdinands, J. M. et al. The rates don't account for non-vaccine-related risks, Mark Jit, professor of vaccine epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine told Insider in an email. Severe cases may increase in the wake of holiday parties where people of all ages mixed. No other potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Durability of anti-spike antibodies in infants after maternal COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection. The study had limitations worth noting. Razzaghi, H. et al. Klein, N. P. et al. Using previously described methods (3), investigators collected clinical data on a representative sample of adult patients (7.9%) hospitalized during July 1, 2021January 31, 2022, stratified by age and COVID-NET site. We also conducted analyses based on the trimester during which the vaccine was received during pregnancy (first, second, or third trimester). This activity was reviewed by CDC and conducted consistent with applicable federal law and CDC policy.. The study did not adjust for maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections during pregnancy due to the inability of capturing home testing results. Because the immune status of all patients is not known, an additional dose (recommended for persons with a weakened immune system) cannot be distinguished from a booster dose. Omicron is super infectious, and about 20% of people in the United States over the age of 5 as well as all children under 5 remain unvaccinated. Mortal. Data requests may be sent to Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: DOR.IRB.Submissions@kp.org. Delahoy MJ, Whitaker M, OHalloran A, et al. Age-adjusted rates were calculated by dividing the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients by population estimates for race/ethnicity, and vaccination status in the catchment area. Among these infants, for our main analysis, we excluded 21,891 (35.2%) based on maternal exclusion criteria and 10,412 (16.8%) after applying infant exclusion criteria (Fig. J. Med. J. Pediatr. It is possible that our exclusion criteria may have resulted in a final sample that may not be reflective of all KPNC infants. NEW YORK and MAINZ, GERMANY, March 1, 2023 Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today submitted an application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of a booster (fourth) dose of the companies' Omicron BA.4/BA.5-adapted bivalent COVID-19 vaccine in children 6 months through 4 years of age (also referred to as under 5 years). Among fully vaccinated people without a booster, rates were lower at 3,355.5 per 100,000 for COVID-19 cases and 35.4 per 100,000 for hospitalizations. The KPNC Institutional review board approved and waived consent for this study. These proportions are lower compared with 47.3% of White persons who received a primary series and 54.5% of eligible adults who received a booster dose. Relative to the Delta-predominant period, Black adults accounted for a larger proportion of unvaccinated adults during the Omicron-predominant period, and age-adjusted hospitalization rates for Black adults increased to the highest rate among all racial and ethnic groups for any week during the pandemic. The results were unchanged when no adjustments for covariates were made (Supplemental Table3). Mortal. * Information on the impact that booster or additional doses of COVID-19 vaccines have on preventing hospitalizations during Omicron predominance is limited. PubMed In supplemental analyses by trimester of vaccination, receipt of the second dose during the second and third trimesters reduced the risk of infants testing SARS-CoV-2 positive during the Delta dominant period by 91% (95% CI: 63, 98) and 85% (95% CI: 50, 96), respectively, during the first 2 months of life, by 59% (95% CI: 21, 79) and 67% (95% CI: 37, 83) during the first 4 months of life and by 64% (95% CI:31, 81) and 53% (95% CI: 24, 71) during the first 6 months of life. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and variants under investigation in England: technical briefing 35. Pediatr. Effectiveness of Two Doses of BNT162b2 Vaccine before and during Proxy Omicron Period. T.R. Like all observational studies, our study results are susceptible to residual confounding. N. Engl. During the Omicron dominant period, maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 43% (95% CI: 4, 69) during the first 2 months of life, 36% (95% CI:11, 55) during the first 4 months of life, and 41% (95% CI: 25, 53) during the first 6 months of life (Supplemental Table2). During the first 6 months of life, 940 (3.10%) infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and 10 (0.03%) infants were hospitalized with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. CAS The results were published yesterday in JAMA Network Open. The proportion of hospitalized adults who received booster or additional doses increased from 1.3% during the Delta-predominant period to 13.4% during the Omicron-predominant period (p<0.01)***; among these, 10.7% were long-term care facility residents and 69.5% had an immunosuppressive condition. Black adults accounted for 25.2% of all unvaccinated persons hospitalized during the Delta-predominant period; that proportion increased by 23%, to 31.0% during the Omicron-predominant period. Blakeway, H. et al. Libby Reeg reports grants from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services during the conduct of the study. During the Omicron-predominant period, overall weekly adult hospitalization rates peaked at 38.4 per 100,000, exceeding the previous peak on January 9, 2021 (26.1) and the peak rate during the Delta-predominant period (15.5) (Figure 1). The study was conducted among a cohort of infants born between December 15, 2020, and May 31, 2022. The second study, led by Office for National Statistics researchers in Wales, involved death rates and risk factors in adults in England who had received an mRNA booster at least 14 days before Dec 31, 2021. *** An additional 172 (3.4%, 95% CI = 2.7%4.2%) adults were partially vaccinated, 69 (0.9%, 95% CI=0.61.2) received a primary vaccination series <14 days before receiving a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result, and 186 (4.1%) had unknown vaccination status; these groups are not further described in this analysis. During the Omicron dominant period, receipt of 2 doses during pregnancy reduced the risk of the infant testing SARS-CoV-2 positive by 21% (95% CI: 21, 48) during the first 2 months of life, 14% (95% CI: 8, 32) during the first 4 months of life, and 13% (95% CI: 3, 26) during the first 6 months of life (Table2). adjudicated chart reviews. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:1328. This can lead to overestimates of first doses and underestimates of subsequent doses, and underestimates of hospitalization rates in persons who received additional or booster doses. The rate among adults who received a primary series, but no booster or additional dose, was three times the rate among adults who received a booster or additional dose. The stats are for COVID-associated hospitalizations, which may include people for whom COVID-19 was not the primary reason for admission. Morb. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7050e2.htm, Adults who completed their primary COVID-19 vaccination series were defined as those who had received the second dose of a 2-dose primary vaccination series or a single dose of a 1-dose primary vaccine product 14 days before receipt of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result associated with their hospitalization but received no additional or booster dose. Open 5, e2233273 (2022). Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. Ainslie, K. E. C., Shi, M., Haber, M. & Orenstein, W. A. Among children 12 to 17, the . The U.K. Health. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC; 2022. N. Engl. Halasa, N. B. et al. In this primary design, all eligible infants meeting inclusion criteria were included without sampling which improved power and minimized bias related to selection. The research was published yesterday in JAMA Internal Medicine. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. The TND, a case-control study, has been commonly used in studies of the effectiveness of influenza vaccines and more recently COVID-19 vaccines. Iowa did not provide immunization data but is included in the overall population-based hospitalization rates. Among the infants in the cohort, 19,418 (64.06%) of the mothers were unvaccinated during pregnancy, 1138 (3.75%) of the mothers received one dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and 9755 (32.18%) received 2 doses during pregnancy (Table1). PubMed 45 C.F.R. Acosta AM, Garg S, Pham H, et al. Maternal vaccination with at least two doses reduced the infants risk of testing SARS-CoV-2 positive initially by 84% which decreased to 56% by 6 months of life in the Delta dominant period. Starting the week ending December 4, 2021, Maryland data are not included in weekly rate calculations but are included in previous weeks. https://doi.org . As infants aged, protection provided by maternal vaccination decreased during both periods. Iowa does not provide data on vaccination status. Article COVID-19 hospitalization rates per 100,000 population by age and vaccination status, January 05 to February 01, 2023 Age group Age-specific rate per 100,000 among unvaccinated individuals Age-specific rate per 100,000 among those who received at least one booster dose Likelihood of unvaccinated individuals being hospitalized with Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Vaccine Study Center, Oakland, CA, USA, Ousseny Zerbo,G. Thomas Ray,Bruce Fireman,Evan Layefsky,Kristin Goddard,Edwin Lewis,Pat Ross&Nicola P. Klein, Yale University, Institute for Global Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA, Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Santa Clara, CA, USA, You can also search for this author in It is possible that this practice may have led to some misclassification of the outcome, and we were unable to assess whether this misclassification was differential between vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers. Although the study was unable to directly estimate VE against hospitalization due to the small number of hospitalized cases, it found that over the entire study period, the incidence rate of hospitalization during the first 6 months of life was much lower among the infants whose mothers were vaccinated during pregnancy compared with those whose mothers were not vaccinated. Preliminary findings of mRNA Covid-19 vaccine safety in pregnant persons. However, we have no reason to expect a strong association between the absence of NHS number and SARS-CoV-2 variant. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36547-4. Our analysis . We were not able to evaluate more detailed measures of relative clinical severity in hospitalised patients (such as intensive care unit admittance), but our finding that estimated severity reductions comparing omicron with delta are larger for more severe endpoints (death and hospital admission versus hospital attendance) agrees with observations that the proportion of hospitalised COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care or mechanical ventilation (or both) has been substantially lower during the omicron wave in England than the preceding delta wave. ICU admission status was missing in 1.3% (weighted) of hospitalizations; these hospitalizations are included in other analyses. These data should be taken with a grain of salt. Maryland did not contribute data after December 4, 2021, but did contribute data for previous weeks. The TND is designed to better control for bias related to health care-seeking behavior31,32. Children currently account for about 18.5% of reported COVID-19 cases in the United States1. of pages found at these sites. The state has administered 3.2 million vaccine doses since Dec. 1 alone, but lagging rates between full vaccination and first doses for adults especially (82.6% vs. 95%) are becoming a point of .
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